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Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2008) - Uruguay (2003)

Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2008) z Uruguay (2003)

 Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2008)Uruguay (2003)
 Ashmore and Cartier IslandsUruguay
Administrative divisions - 19 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Artigas, Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Durazno, Flores, Florida, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandu, Rio Negro, Rivera, Rocha, Salto, San Jose, Soriano, Tacuarembo, Treinta y Tres
Age structure - 0-14 years: 24.3% (male 425,642; female 404,987)


15-64 years: 62.6% (male 1,057,187; female 1,079,549)


65 years and over: 13.1% (male 182,696; female 263,268) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products - rice, wheat, corn, barley; livestock; fish
Airports - 64 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 15


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 5


914 to 1,523 m: 7


under 914 m: 2 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 49


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 16


under 914 m: 31 (2002)
Area total: 5 sq km


land: 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island		 total: 176,220 sq km


land: 173,620 sq km


water: 2,600 sq km
Area - comparative about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC slightly smaller than the state of Washington
Background These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, is now a marine reserve. A violent Marxist urban guerrilla movement, the Tupamaros, launched in the late 1960s, led Uruguay's president to agree to military control of his administration in 1973. By yearend, the rebels had been crushed, but the military continued to expand its hold throughout the government. Civilian rule was not restored until 1985. Uruguay's political and labor conditions are among the freest on the continent.
Birth rate - 17.19 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget - revenues: $3.7 billion


expenditures: $4.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $500 million (2000)
Capital - Montevideo
Climate tropical warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown
Coastline 74.1 km 660 km
Constitution - 27 November 1966, effective February 1967, suspended 27 June 1973, new constitution rejected by referendum 30 November 1980; two constitutional reforms approved by plebiscite 26 November 1989 and 7 January 1997
Country name conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands


conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands		 conventional long form: Oriental Republic of Uruguay


conventional short form: Uruguay


local long form: Republica Oriental del Uruguay


local short form: Uruguay


former: Banda Oriental, Cisplatine Province
Currency - Uruguayan peso (UYU)
Death rate - 8.97 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external - $11.8 billion (2002 est.)
Dependency status territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Attorney-General's Department -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of Australia) chief of mission: Ambassador Martin J. SILVERSTEIN


embassy: Lauro Muller 1776, Montevideo 11200


mailing address: APO AA 34035


telephone: [598] (2) 418-7777


FAX: [598] (2) 418-8611
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of Australia) chief of mission: Ambassador Hugo FERNANDEZ-FAINGOLD


chancery: 1913 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20006


telephone: [1] (202) 331-1313 through 1316


FAX: [1] (202) 331-8142


consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, and New York
Disputes - international Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to these islands; Australia closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier Reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing and placed restrictions on certain catches uncontested dispute with Brazil over certain islands in the Quarai/Cuareim and Invernada streams and the resulting tripoint with Argentina
Economic aid - recipient - $NA
Economy - overview no economic activity Uruguay's economy is characterized by an export-oriented agricultural sector, a well-educated workforce, and high levels of social spending. After averaging growth of 5% annually during 1996-98, in 1999-2002 the economy suffered a major downturn, stemming largely from lower demand in Argentina and Brazil, which together account for nearly half of Uruguay's exports. Total GDP in these four years dropped by nearly 20%, with 2002 the worst year. Unemployment rose to nearly 20% in 2002, inflation surged, and the burden of external debt doubled. Cooperation with the IMF and the US has limited the damage, which is still extensive. Moves to reschedule debt and promote economic recovery may help limit a further decline in output in 2003.
Electricity - consumption - 6.152 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports - 1.377 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports - 123 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production - 7.963 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: 0.7%


hydro: 99.1%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0.3% (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location 3 m		 lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Cerro Catedral 514 m
Environment - current issues NA water pollution from meat packing/tannery industry; inadequate solid/hazardous waste disposal
Environment - international agreements - party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban
Ethnic groups - white 88%, mestizo 8%, black 4%, Amerindian, practically nonexistent
Exchange rates - Uruguayan pesos per US dollar - 21.26 (2002), 13.32 (2001), 12.1 (2000), 11.34 (1999), 10.47 (1998)
Executive branch - chief of state: President Jorge BATLLE Ibanez (since 1 March 2000) and Vice President Luis HIERRO (since 1 March 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Jorge BATLLE Ibanez (since 1 March 2000) and Vice President Luis HIERRO (since 1 March 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president with parliamentary approval


elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 31 October 1999, with runoff election on 28 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)


election results: Jorge BATLLE Ibanez elected president; percent of vote - Jorge BATLLE Ibanez 52% in a runoff against Tabare VAZQUEZ 44%
Exports - NA (2001)
Exports - commodities - meat, rice, leather products, wool, vehicles, dairy products
Exports - partners - Brazil 21%, Argentina 15%, US 8.1%, Germany 5.1%, Italy 4% (2002)
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description the flag of Australia is used nine equal horizontal stripes of white (top and bottom) alternating with blue; there is a white square in the upper hoist-side corner with a yellow sun bearing a human face known as the Sun of May and 16 rays alternately triangular and wavy
GDP - purchasing power parity - $26.82 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: 6%


industry: 27%


services: 67% (2001)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $7,900 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - -10.8% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates 12 14 S, 123 05 E 33 00 S, 56 00 W
Geography - note Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983 second-smallest South American country (after Suriname); most of the low-lying landscape (three-quarters of the country) is grassland, ideal for cattle and sheep raising
Highways - total: 8,983 km


paved: 8,081 km


unpaved: 902 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: 3.7%


highest 10%: 25.8% (1997)
Imports - NA (2001)
Imports - commodities - machinery, chemicals, road vehicles, crude petroleum
Imports - partners - Argentina 25.6%, Brazil 22.7%, US 7.7%, Venezuela 6.2% (2002)
Independence - 25 August 1825 (from Brazil)
Industrial production growth rate - -12% (2002 est.)
Industries - food processing, electrical machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, textiles, chemicals, beverages
Infant mortality rate - total: 13.8 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 15.61 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 11.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 14.1% (2002 est.)
International organization participation - ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMEE, UNMISET, UNMOGIP, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 14 (2001)
Irrigated land 0 sq km 1,800 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch - Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and elected for 10-year terms by the General Assembly)
Labor force - 1.2 million (2001)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture 14%, industry 16%, services 70%
Land boundaries 0 km total: 1,564 km


border countries: Argentina 579 km, Brazil 985 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (all grass and sand) (2005)		 arable land: 7.21%


permanent crops: 0.27%


other: 92.52% (1998 est.)
Languages - Spanish, Portunol, or Brazilero (Portuguese-Spanish mix on the Brazilian frontier)
Legal system the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply based on Spanish civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch - bicameral General Assembly or Asamblea General consists of Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (30 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and Chamber of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (99 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: Chamber of Senators - last held 31 October 1999 (next to be held NA 2004); Chamber of Representatives - last held 31 October 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)


election results: Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Encuentro Progresista 12, Colorado Party 10, Blanco 7, New Sector/Space Coalition 1; Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Encuentro Progresista 40, Colorado Party 33, Blanco 22, New Sector/Space Coalition 4
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 75.87 years


male: 72.54 years


female: 79.38 years (2003 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 98%


male: 97.6%


female: 98.4% (2003 est.)
Location Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, midway between northwestern Australia and Timor island Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil
Map references Southeast Asia South America
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 12 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation		 contiguous zone: 24 NM


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine - total: 4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 10,918 GRT/9,775 DWT


ships by type: chemical tanker 1, container 1, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Argentina 4, Greece 1 (2002 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force -
Military branches - Army, Navy (including Naval Air Arm, Coast Guard, Marines), Air Force, Police (Coracero Guard, Grenadier Guard)
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $250 million (1999)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 1.1% (2000)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 831,297 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 672,030 (2003 est.)
National holiday - Independence Day, 25 August (1825)
Nationality - noun: Uruguayan(s)


adjective: Uruguayan
Natural hazards surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards seasonally high winds (the pampero is a chilly and occasional violent wind which blows north from the Argentine pampas), droughts, floods; because of the absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, all locations are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes from weather fronts
Natural resources fish arable land, hydropower, minor minerals, fisheries
Net migration rate - -0.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
People - note the landing of illegal immigrants from Indonesia's Rote Island has become an ongoing problem -
Pipelines - gas 192 km (2003)
Political parties and leaders - Colorado Party [Jorge BATLLE Ibanez]; National Party or Blanco [Luis Alberto LACALLE Herrera]; New Sector/Space Coalition or Nuevo Espacio [Rafael MICHELINI]; Progressive Encounter/Broad Front Coalition or Encuentro Progresista/Frente Amplio [Tabare VAZQUEZ]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island		 3,413,329 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line - 6% (1997)
Population growth rate - 0.79% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors - Colonia, Fray Bentos, Juan La Caze, La Paloma, Montevideo, Nueva Palmira, Paysandu, Punta del Este, Piriapolis
Radio broadcast stations - AM 91, FM 149, shortwave 7 (2001)
Railways - total: 2,073 km


standard gauge: 2,073 km 1.435-m gauge


note: 461 km have been taken out of service and 460 km are in partial use (2002)
Religions - Roman Catholic 66% (less than half of the adult population attends church regularly), Protestant 2%, Jewish 1%, nonprofessing or other 31%
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female


total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system - general assessment: fully digitalized


domestic: most modern facilities concentrated in Montevideo; new nationwide microwave radio relay network


international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2002)
Telephones - main lines in use - 929,141 (2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 350,000 (2001)
Television broadcast stations - 20 (2001)
Terrain low with sand and coral mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland
Total fertility rate - 2.35 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate - 19.4% (2002)
Waterways - 1,600 km (used by coastal and shallow-draft river craft)
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